en آموزش پزشکی Medical Education پژوهشي اصیل Orginal Research <span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><b>Background & Objective:</b> Virtual Reality (VR)-based simulation is increasingly recognized as a promising educational tool to address limitations in conventional training for Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), such as ethical constraints, limited patient availability, and uneven procedural exposure. In Indonesia, access to structured training in Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) and Embryo Transfer (ET) remains limited. This study explores the needs, challenges, and gender-related perspectives surrounding the implementation of VR-based ART training.<br> <b>Materials & Methods:</b> An exploratory sequential mixed-methods design was applied. The qualitative phase used two focus group discussions (FGDs) with 15 obstetricians and gynecologists and residents. Findings from the FGDs phase informed the development of a structured questionnaire used in the quantitative phase. The quantitative phase involved an online survey of 100 obstetrics and gynecology doctors and residents. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were examined using thematic analysis.<br> <b>Results:</b> Two themes and six sub-themes emerged from the qualitative data: (1) perceived needs for VR-based ART training, and (2) challenges in VR-based ART training. Quantitatively, over 80% of respondents had no prior VR training experience, although most expressed positive attitudes toward VR as a supplemental educational tool. Gender differences were identified, with male respondents reporting greater confidence in VR&rsquo;s practicality, interactivity, and ease of use, while female respondents more often expressed neutral or cautious agreement.<br> <b>Conclusion:</b> VR-based ART training holds significant potential to strengthen IUI and ET training in Indonesia, particularly by providing safe, standardized, and repeatable practice opportunities. However, successful implementation requires culturally sensitive planning, investment in infrastructure, gender-responsive design, and regulatory support. Addressing identified challenges early will be key to scalable and sustainable VR integration into medical education.</span></span></span><br> &nbsp; education, medical, embryo transfer, insemination, artificial, reproductive techniques, assisted, virtual reality 12 27 http://edujournal.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-12-3443-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Muhammad Ikhsan muh.ikhsan.md@gmail.com 5300319475328460037142 5300319475328460037142 No Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia Luthfi Saiful Arif luthfisaifularif@gmail.com 5300319475328460037143 5300319475328460037143 Yes Medical Technology Cluster, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia Arierta Pujitresnani arierta.p@ui.ac.id 5300319475328460037144 5300319475328460037144 No Medical Technology Cluster, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia Annisa Parastry annisaparastry@ui.ac.id 5300319475328460037145 0009-0004-8316-7179 No Department of Business Administrative Science, Faculty of Administrative Science, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia Nurul Safitri nnsafitri@gmail.com 5300319475328460037146 5300319475328460037146 No Department of Business Administrative Science, Faculty of Administrative Science, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia Amalia Shadrina amalshadrina@gmail.com 5300319475328460037147 5300319475328460037147 No Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia Mila Maidarti milamaidarti@gmail.com 5300319475328460037148 5300319475328460037148 No Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia Achmad Kemal Harzif kemal.achmad@gmail.com 5300319475328460037149 5300319475328460037149 No Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia Gita Pratama GITAPRATAMA@yahoo.com 5300319475328460037150 5300319475328460037150 No Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia Kanadi Sumapraja kanadisuma@yahoo.com 5300319475328460037151 5300319475328460037151 No Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia R Muharam 5300319475328460037152 5300319475328460037152 No Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia Budi Wiweko 5300319475328460037153 5300319475328460037153 No Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia Andon Hestiantoro 5300319475328460037154 5300319475328460037154 No Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia